Our portable gadgets accompany us everywhere, and we can utilize them for nearly any task. For companies, the availability of portable devices has also simplified the process of developing more engaging methods to introduce new products and services while enhancing user experiences across various sectors. Quick-response (QR) codes serve as a prime example of this approach, enabling mobile devices to swiftly navigate to websites or download new software simply by scanning an image.
Nevertheless, reputable organizations are not the sole entities creating QR codes for added convenience. Cyber criminals are also exploiting QR codes and the growing dependency on near-field technology (NFC) to execute sophisticated attacks on unsuspecting targets.
What exactly is quishing, and how does it operate?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has observed a surge in innovative phishing tactics where scammers employ apparently genuine QR codes to direct users to malevolent websites and applications to execute various cyber offensives. Dubbed “quishing,” these methods can be remarkably effective, particularly when these codes are disseminated in reputable locations like retail items, corporate establishments, and branded promotional spots such as magazines or mailers.
How are quishing assaults conducted?
The efficacy of quishing assaults stems from the impulsive nature associated with scanning QR codes due to user convenience, the simplicity of code generation, and the cloak of anonymity they provide.
Any individual can produce a QR code online using an array of freely accessible resources. Since QR codes exhibit a uniform appearance in design, one cannot predict the action a QR code will trigger on a device until it gets scanned.
Cyber malefactors usually fabricate codes to redirect to malicious websites where they endeavor to deploy malware scripts, or they may appeal for additional device permissions that could be exploited in the future. These codes can be printed and overlaid on authentic QR codes to mislead users into believing they originate from a credible source.
Many individuals scan these QR codes without hesitation and often consent to security overrides prompted on their devices to readily access applications or services.
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Who are the primary targets of quishing?
During the inception of QR codes, only a select few were acquainted with their functionality or usage. However, with the majority of modern portable devices supporting NFC technology, enabling data transmission and reception, QR codes quickly emerged as a favored medium for convenient advertising and enhanced user ease.
Presently, QR codes are extensively utilized by diverse individuals, with cyber criminals leveraging quishing to target vulnerable groups, including:
- Elderly individuals who are less well-versed in phishing tactics and more trusting of the websites they visit
- Online consumers who utilize QR codes for package tracking purposes
- Job seekers who input personally identifiable information (PII) via mobile devices during the “application” phase
- Business executives whose devices typically possess elevated access privileges for mobile banking services
- Individuals who frequently scan QR codes at various city parking meters using paid parking mobile applications
Popular public venues like eateries and cafés represent prime targets for quishing attacks. These risks were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, with QR codes extensively employed to limit physical interactions when accessing menus or making payments.
As the prevalence of QR code usage continues to rise, the hazards associated with quishing have similarly escalated over time. Both individuals and businesses should adopt appropriate measures to evade victimization.
How to safeguard yourself from QR code scams
The FTC has outlined several strategies that organizations can follow to shield themselves from quishing stratagems. These strategies encompass:
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Exercise caution prior to scanning: Prior to scanning a new QR code, ensure that it originates from reliable sources. Despite their convenience, QR codes can conceal latent threats, especially when they necessitate permissions to function on your mobile device.
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Scrutinize for evidence of tampering: In public settings, examine QR codes for signs of tampering. While not all QR stickers are malevolent, scrutinize them for pixelation or misalignment. If any suspicion arises, refrain from scanning.
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Vet URLs before interaction: Most mobile devices incorporate security measures to scrutinize redirect URLs before accessing the corresponding site. Verify that the scanned QR code is directing you towards the intended site or application.
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Exercise caution with unsolicited QR requests: Treat unsolicited emails urging you to scan QR codes from ostensibly reliable sources warily. Requests to scan a QR code without clear context should raise a red flag. If unsure, reach out directly to the business or visit their website without utilizing redirect links.
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Disable NFC when not in use: As a best practice, deactivate NFC when not in operation. This prevents unauthorized data exchange between devices without your consent and deters impulsive scanning of public QR codes without thoughtful consideration.
Don’t allow convenience to compromise your vigilance
While QR codes offer a convenient means of app installation and brand exploration, it is imperative not to sacrifice caution in safeguarding your privacy merely for the sake of convenience.
By remaining vigilant and adhering to the recommended guidelines, both you and your business can significantly reduce the risk of falling prey to quishing schemes.